CHARACTERISTIC
CERVICAL CELL CHANGES
SQUAMOUS CELLS
*General
cytomegaly
most
often occurring in intermediate cells
*Cells
may enlarge to 70 microns in diameter or more
*Superficial
cells may be effected similarly but not as often
.
NUCLEAR CHARACTERISTICS
*Nuclei
>14 microns in diameter, about twice their normal size
*Nuclear
membrane folding and creasing may be more
frequent than cytomegaly
*Look
for longitudinal lines of chromatin within the nucleus
*Enlarged
nuclei usually appear bland with
prominent chromocenters
*Nuclear clearing (wide
pale clear space around the nucleus) may be seen,
especially in association
with radiation and chemotherapy
*Occasional
"masquerading" dysplastic nucleus may be found
*Sometimes
overall changes may mimic mild dysplasia
.
CYTOPLASMIC FEATURES
*Enlarged,
pale, and often polychromatic
*Vacuolization
may be quite pronounced, especially around
the nucleus
*Conspicuous
fibrils
(thin
lines that ring the nucleus) may be observed
*Bizarre
shapes may be found, some with psuedopod-like projections
(they are more frequently
associated with radiation and chemotherapy)
*PMN’s
may be ingested in vacuoles
METAPLASTIC
CELLS
*May
appear enlarged with bland nuclei
*Some
groups may look reactive but remain intact
ENDOCERVICAL
GLAND CELLS
*May
be enlarged with hypochromatic nuclei
*Some
groups may acquire a reparative expression
*Vacuolization
and enlargement of cytoplasm can be seen
*Some
crowding and hyperchromasia may be worrisome
ASSOCIATED
CELLS/CHANGES
*Occasional
bizarre enlarged bi or multinucleated macrocytes
(bizarre cells are more
often associated with radiation and chemotherapy)
*Hypersegmented
PMN’s
are possible (5-6 or more lobes)
*Inflammation
may or may not be present
.
Important
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Disease and Folic Acid
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with Psychiatric Disorders
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and Cognitive Function
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Children with Brain Deficiency
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and Cerebral Folate Deficiency
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Function in Newborn Infants is Related to Folate Levels and Birth Weight
Folic
Acid Deficiency and Birth Defects- It's Not Just about NTD's
Folic
Acid Blood Levels Falling In Young Women, Even After Fortification
See CDC's
MMWR-2007-Full
Report
Can
You Pass the Folic Acid Quiz?
"Point
4 the Future" Campaign
A Folic Acid Awareness Program
Aimed at Increasing Folic Acid
Intake Among College WomenTo
Protect Future Generations
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Diet
and Premalignant Lesions of the Cervix:
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Excerpt
from The Art of Cytology
Drugs
that Deplete Folic Acid
Drugs
that Deplete B12
Learn More About Nutrition
and Cellular Health
The
Art of Cytology:
An Illustrative Study
Guide With Micronutrient Discussions
Book Reviews
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